Pretreatment
ZLD starts with robust pretreatment to reduce scaling, fouling and solids loading in concentration equipment.
Engineering reference for ZLD treatment trains, concentration, evaporation, crystallisation, recovery and operating considerations.
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ZLD starts with robust pretreatment to reduce scaling, fouling and solids loading in concentration equipment.
Membrane and thermal concentration stages recover water while concentrating dissolved salts.
Crystallisation and solids handling manage the final salt stream where liquid discharge is not permitted.